RESUMO
Insect mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) contain a conserved set of 37 genes for an extensive diversity of lineages. Previously reported dictyopteran mitogenomes share this conserved mitochondrial gene arrangement, although surprisingly little is known about the mitogenome of Mantodea. We sequenced eight mantodean mitogenomes including the first representatives of two families: Hymenopodidae and Liturgusidae. Only two of these genomes retain the typical insect gene arrangement. In three Liturgusidae species, the trnM genes have translocated. Four species of mantis (Creobroter gemmata, Mantis religiosa, Statilia sp., and Theopompa sp.-HN) have multiple identical tandem duplication of trnR, and Statilia sp. additionally includes five extra duplicate trnW. These extra trnR and trnW in Statilia sp. are erratically arranged and form another novel gene order. Interestingly, the extra trnW is converted from trnR by the process of point mutation at anticodon, which is the first case of tRNA reassignment for an insect. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed amongst mantodean mitogenomes with variable copies of tRNA according to comparative analysis of codon usage. Combined with phylogenetic analysis, the characteristics of tRNA only possess limited phylogenetic information in this research. Nevertheless, these features of gene rearrangement, duplication, and reassignment provide valuable information toward understanding mitogenome evolution in insects.
Assuntos
Baratas/genética , Duplicação Gênica , Rearranjo Gênico , Genes de Insetos , Genoma Mitocondrial , RNA de Transferência/genética , Sequência Rica em At/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases/genética , Sequência de Bases , Teorema de Bayes , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Códon/genética , DNA Intergênico/genética , Tamanho do Genoma , Funções Verossimilhança , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , RNA de Transferência/química , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Bullanga florida (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) was determined. The entire sequence is 15,937 bp in length which contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and one non-coding AT-rich region. The overall A + T content of mitogenome is 73.3%. The gene order and arrangement are similar to other Neuroptera mitogenomes. Thirteen PCGs start with standard ATN initiation codons and stop with termination codons TAA or T. All tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for tRNASer (AGN), whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm do not form a stable stem-loop structure. Two rRNA genes (rrnL and rrnS) are 1325 bp and 776 bp in size, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis is based on the amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs indicates that B. florida is a sister group to Epacanthaclisis banks, and Myrmeleontiformia is the monophyletic group.
RESUMO
The complete mitochondrial genome of Pycnarmon lactiferalis (Walker, 1859) has been determined. The entire sequence is 15,219 bp in length which contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and an A + T-rich region. All PCGs start with the typical ATN codon except for COI with CGA. TAA is used for all the PCGs, while the COI, COII and ND5 possess incomplete termination codons T or TA. The secondary structure of 22 tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf pattern except for tRNASer(AGN) lacking the dihydrouridine (DHU) stem. The A + T-rich region, located between the srRNA and tRNAMet , do not contain the motif "ATAGA" that is conserved across other lepidopteran species mitogenomes. A phylogenetic relationship of Pyraloidea has been reconstructed based on 13 PCGs data using Bayesian inference (BI) method.
